Travel insurance is a bundle, not a single promise. Most consumer policies group cover into medical treatment and repatriation, baggage, personal liability, and sometimes cancellation or interruption. Understanding the usual pillars makes the gaps easier to spot.
What is typically included
- Emergency medical treatment abroad and medically necessary repatriation.
- Assistance hotline (24/7) for hospitals, language help, and logistics.
- Baggage loss, theft, or delay — often with item caps and proof requirements.
- Liability if you injure someone or damage their property while traveling.
- Cancellation or trip interruption — when the policy includes it and the reason is listed.
Common gaps people miss
- Pre-existing conditions: may need prior approval, waiting periods, or a separate rider.
- Adventure and winter sports: skiing, diving, or racing often excluded unless you add cover.
- Valuables: phones, cameras, and jewelry may sit under low sub-limits.
- Alcohol, reckless behaviour, or unlicensed activities can void claims.
- Travel to countries under advisories or sanctions may be excluded entirely.
- Work-related travel or long stays may need a different product than holiday cover.
How to read a policy in 10 minutes
Skim coverage area, maximum medical benefit, deductible per claim, sports list, and cancellation reasons. Then check how claims are documented (receipts, police reports, medical notes). If two offers look similar on price, the deductible and exclusions usually explain the difference.
When in doubt, ask the provider a written question before you buy — especially about medical caps, sports, and destinations. A clear email trail beats guessing at the hospital desk.